<p>Point Au View is one of the best examples of Italian villa architecture in the USA state of Kentucky. It was built in the 1850s for Judge Emory C. Whitaker a prominent Maysville lawyer. Whitaker was born in New Hampshire in 1816 and moved to Kentucky in 1841. In 1849, he was elected to represent Mason County in the lower house of the Kentucky state legislature. He was elected Mason County Judge in 1853 and served for eight years.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the house on the Whitaker farm began in 1854 and continued for a number of years. Bricks used for construction of the 13-inch-thick walls were made on site. Completion was accelerated and the family occupied the house in 1860 based on a rumor that the unfinished structure was about to be confiscated to serve as a base hospital during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The Whitaker family occupied the property until about 1900 when it was sold to a prominent horseman named Langhorn Anderson. Horses from the farm were shown every year at the Germantown Fair. Stone pillars from the farm&#39;s show rings still stand on the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The farm was sold in the 1930s and subdivided into building lots. The house stood empty for several years and deteriorated from lack of maintenance. Robert Buckley bought the house in 1946 and restored many of its original features as well as adding a modern kitchen and three-car garage.</p><br>
<p>Knee Lake is part of the Hayes River in Manitoba, Canada. It was on the voyageur route from York Factory on Hudson Bay to Norway House, Manitoba on Lake Winnipeg. It gets its name from a knee-like bend in the middle. The upstream western part is about 6 miles from south to north and less than 4 miles broad. The lake narrows to less than half a mile and then extends about 20 miles northeast, this section being at most 4 miles across. Near the knee is Magnetic Island with an ore body that is said to make compasses useless. Upstream from the lake, the Hayes River exits eastward out of Oxford Lake, goes over Trout Falls and widens into a long lake which joins Knee Lake at its southwest corner. The river exits the northeast end of the lake and after about 7 miles and four portages broadens into Swampy Lake. At the east end of Swampy Lake is the dramstone where west-bound voyageurs took a dram to celebrate leaving the most difficult part of the river.</p><br>
<p>Oxford Lake is a lake on the Hayes River in Manitoba, Canada. The lake is 401 km&sup2; in size and sits at a surface elevation of 186 m.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is vaguely man-shaped, with a head on the east, a neck, a northwest-southeast shoulder line and a torso that tapers to a point in the west. The head is about 7 by 5 miles, the neck one mile across and the shoulder line 11 miles. The south side of the torso is 25 miles and its northwest side 18 miles. On the northwest is a large island (Carghill Island) or peninsula that fills much of the torso. The Hayes Rivers enters from the southwest and exits from the head southeast below the town and airport of Oxford House, Manitoba. The Carrot River enters on the northwest and allows a portage to Cross Lake, Manitoba on the Nelson River. Downstream is Knee Lake.</p><br>
<p>Viamala or Via Mala  is an ancient and notorious section of a path along the river Hinterrhein between Zillis-Reischen and Thusis in the Canton of Graubünden. This narrow gorge was the most serious obstacle on the approach to two mountain passes: the Splügen and the San Bernardino.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Antiquity</h3><br>
<p>There was a path through the Viamala already in Roman antiquity, though it is not clear whether it was only a foot and bridle path, or could also be used by wagons. Two access paths met at the northern entrance to the Viamala, which the Romans traversed by means of several rock galleries cut into the walls on the left side of the gorge. Presumably somewhere below today&#39;s automobile bridge and near the pedestrian bridge (Punt da Suransuns) the Romans constructed a wooden bridge crossing over to the right side of the Rhine, routing traffic via Reischen to Zillis.</p><br>
<h3>1473 Viamala letter of intent</h3><br>
<p>During the medieval period more and more of the transit traffic (vital for the region) was conducted via the Septimer Pass instead of the Splügen Pass. This was supported by Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, who forbade the local Count of Werdenberg to build a new path in 1359 in order to support the loyal Bishop at Chur, who controlled the route via the Septimer Pass.</p><br>
<p>In 1473 the Count of Werdenberg allowed the municipalities and transport cooperatives of Thusis, Masein and Cazis to rebuild the passage, then in desolate condition: die richstrass und den waeg entzwüschend Tusis und Schams, so man nempt Fyamala zuo howen, uffzuorichten und ze machen. The Roman part of the path built into the rock was renovated and the first bridge built of rock, Punt da Tgiern, was erected. The last part of the letter mentions that the cooperatives would be accountable for loads, horses and also a “chariot or sled”, which indicates a high level of technical finishing. In the northern part of the gorge this new path did not follow the Roman path crossing to the right of the river, but stayed on the left river bank. This led to many conflicts during the years as the two villages at the respective ends of the path fought for access and the resulting income. In 1665 Schams was temporarily excluded from the Grey League for supporting the path towards Fürstenau, which led to non-Grey-League territory.</p><br>
<h3>Modern era</h3><br>
<p>During 1738–1739 two bridges were built to twice cross the river and avoid the worst part of the Roman path via the right bank of the river. Later, state engineer Richard La Nicca built a completely new road during 1818–1821 including more tunnels and connecting the three existing bridges. The access to the 1473 rock bridge Punt da Tgiern was destroyed in 1834, leaving the unhurt bridge useless and left to disintegrate. In 1836 the new Rania Bridge was erected instead further north and is still being used today for the main road.</p><br>
<p>An additional bridge called Premoli Bridge was constructed in 1936 to relieve the southern 1738 bridge, which is still in place and can be crossed by foot. The northern bridge of 1738 was replaced two years later, with no traces remaining.</p><br>
<p>In 1958 a new northern part of the road to Rongellen was built using longer tunnels, and in 1967 a new expressway was opened including the San Bernardino Tunnel and allowing year-round traffic (whereas both road passes were closed in winter). This road uses a 742 m long tunnel to avoid the narrow gorge and crosses the gorge on a long stretch bridge in its southern part. Finally, the part built in 1958 between Thusis and Rongellen was replaced by a 2171 m long tunnel called the Crapteig in 1996.</p><br>
<p>To connect the visible remains of the Roman path, a pedestrian bridge named the Traversinersteg was erected in 1996. This bridge was destroyed in 1999 and replaced by a (safer) bridge in 2005, which is at the same time a bridge as well as a stairway.</p><br>
<p>The Via Mala was used by the German film director Werner Herzog as a location in his 1976 film Heart of Glass.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Armon Planta: Verkehrswege im alten Rätien Band 4. Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1990.</p><br>
<p>Friedrich Pieth: Bündnergeschichte. 2. Auflage. Verlag F. Schuler, Chur 1982.</p><br>
<p>Achilleion  was an ancient Greek city in the south-west of the Troad region of Anatolia. It has been located on a promontory known as Beşika Burnu  about 8 km south of Sigeion. Beşika Burnu is 2 km south of the modern village of Yeniköy in the Ezine district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. The site considered in classical antiquity to be the tomb of Achilles is a short distance inland at a tumulus known as Beşiktepe. Achilleion in the Troad is not to be confused with Achilleion near Smyrna and Achilleion in the territory of Tanagra.</p><br>
<h2>Tomb of Achilles</h2><br>
<p>The otherwise obscure polis of Achilleion was most famous in classical antiquity for its association with Achilles, after whom it was named (the place of Achilles). According to some sources, while passing by Ilion in 334 BC Alexander the Great sacrificed at the Tomb of Achilles. This story became famous, and in the mid-1st century BC it is mentioned by the politician and writer Cicero in his Pro Archia Poeta. In AD 216 the Emperor Caracalla emulated Alexander when, on passing Ilion on his way to a war against Parthia, he held funeral games around the tumulus. Following the abandonment of the settlement at Achilleion in the late Hellenistic period, writers began to associate the tomb with nearby Sigeion to the north.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first mention of Achilleion is as a fortified settlement from which Mytilene conducted its attacks on Athenian controlled Sigeion to the north in the early 6th century BCE. It is not clear whether Achilleion had been settled earlier, but the ceramic record also begins at this point, suggesting that it had not. Recent excavations have established that the walls of the settlement also date to the first half of the 6th century BCE, further corroborating the literary accounts of Herodotus and Strabo regarding its origins. Achilleion remained under Mytilenaean control until Athens brought an end to the Mytilenaean revolt in 427 BCE and took over all the so-called Actaean cities in the Troad. Achilleion appears in the Athenian tribute lists for 425/4 and 422/1 BCE, indicating that it had joined the Delian League. The legend AX (ACH) which some bronze coins found in this region bear is thought to refer to Ach (illeion) and suggest that c. 350 - 300 BCE the city minted its own coins. King Lysimachus synoecized Ilion with many surrounding communities including Achilleion during his reign (306 - 281 BCE), effectively ending Achilleion&#39;s political independence. The testimony of Demetrius of Scepsis, who hailed from a nearby town in the Troad, indicates that there was still a hamlet known as Achilleion on the site in the mid-2nd century BCE. It is to around this time that the latest ceramic finds from Achilleion date, suggesting that the site became uninhabited soon afterwards.</p><br>
<p>Honey Creek Friends&#39; Meetinghouse is an historic structure located in New Providence, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Friends, who were originally from Yadkin County, North Carolina, organized the Honey Creek Monthly Meeting in 1852. They were a party of 44 composed of members of the Reece family ranging in ages from 8 weeks to over 70 years. It took two months for the party to reach their destination of Salem, Iowa. They moved on from there to establish the church in New Providence, Iowa. Not one railroad was crossed during the trek. Their first meeting house was a log structure that was built in 1854 and was replaced in 1859 after it had been destroyed by a fire. Various additions were made to the building and served the community until 1916 when they constructed this building. The meetinghouse was constructed by Ernie Moon, a local builder and church members. Services are no longer held in the building, which is now owned by the Honey Creek Preservation Group. They maintain the building, sponsor events and maintain records and other information from the church.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The meetinghouse is constructed of clay tiles with a brick veneer on the exterior.</p><br>
<p>The building’s main gable is oriented on a north-south axis, with a smaller front gable that sits asymmetrically on the east side. It contains the main entrance into the building. Behind the entrance is a short square bell tower with a crenellated parapet and pairs of elliptical arched openings on each side of the bell chamber. There is a secondary entrance on the north side of the building.</p><br>
<p>Large segmental arched windows light the interior on the north, south and east sides of the building. All of the other window openings on the building are rectilinear. The main entrance consists of two paneled doors. They open into a vestibule and stairhall, as the meeting room sits a few steps above the entrance. The meeting room occupies most of the main level of the building.</p><br>
<p>Phoenix Union High School was the main high school for Phoenix, Arizona, at 7th Street and Van Buren Street. It closed in 1982 amidst declining enrollment, along with East High School and West High School. It is the namesake of the extant Phoenix Union High School District.</p><br>
<p>The mascot was the Coyotes. The school&#39;s athletic programs combined won over 100 Arizona state championships.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The high school and its district were created in 1895. Classes started on the second floor of the Central School Building, on the present site of the San Carlos Hotel; they moved to the Churchill Residence, a Victorian house at 5th Street and Van Buren. By 1910, Phoenix Union had 300 students; the city of Phoenix at the time had more than 11,000 residents. That year, a bond issue was approved to begin building three new high school buildings, and in 1912, construction began. In 1912, the first Thanksgiving football game against the Phoenix Indian School Braves was played; the tradition continued for 46 years. In 1917, Phoenix Union became a pioneer in military training when the first high school Junior ROTC program in the United States was created. Further overcrowding by 1920 (the fire escapes were even crowded, with approaches used as class space) led to the approval of the construction of three more buildings.</p><br>
<p>A new stadium was built in the mid-1920s and dedicated in 1927, and the auditorium was remodeled in the late 1920s after a 1927 fire. By 1928, PUHS had 2,500 students, with major growth predicted. 1930 brought the installation of lights to the football stadium — just in time for an undefeated football season (see below). In the 1930s, despite the Great Depression, the forecasts of larger enrollment proved true, as the student population bulged over 5,000 students at one time. By 1938, there were 4,219 students at Phoenix Union High School.</p><br>
<p>In 1935, the Arizona Vocational School opened at 6th Street and Monroe to provide technical education skills.</p><br>
<p>The second high school in the district was opened in 1939, when North High School opened its doors. 1,517 students originally attended North, and the Thanksgiving game (beginning in 1941) was now played against that high school. The tradition would continue until 1960. (Because of earlier school starts, regular-season football in Arizona is usually played from late August to late October, with playoff matches in November.)</p><br>
<p>At the same time, a new gymnasium was opened at Phoenix Union, which was first used in 1941 as the student body listened to President Roosevelt&#39;s declaration of war. This new gymnasium used a lamella roof, which was an unusual choice of material for Arizona. Only one other gymnasium in the state was built with a lamella roof, the Kingman High School gymnasium.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, the population of Phoenix began to approach 100,000. In 1946, a bond issue was passed to build a new high school (West High School) and to update the Phoenix Technical School (as the Vocational School was now called). The Churchill Building came down in 1949 to make way for a new cafeteria.</p><br>
<p>The 1950s were the pinnacle of the Coyotes&#39; athletic achievements. The varsity basketball team won 55 straight games over three seasons; the school won championships in all major sports; and the City of Phoenix grew and grew, exploding in population from 106,818 to 439,170. In 1954, Camelback High School and South Mountain High School were opened; in 1955, the technical school was folded back into Phoenix Union. More schools would open in Phoenix Union in the next years: Carl Hayden Community High School and Central High School opened in 1957, followed by Alhambra High School in 1962 and Maryvale High School in 1963.</p><br>
<p>1953 was another year of change, as the Superior Court in Phoenix struck down Arizona&#39;s latest segregation law for delegating the powers of the legislature (it made segregation a local option). When classes at Phoenix Union started in September 1953, they did so with 74 Black students (54 freshmen and 20 from the old Carver High School; Carver would be closed after 1954).</p><br>
<p>As the city of Phoenix grew, many more of its high school age students went to Phoenix Union. But by the early 1960s, with the Baby Boom age at its height, this was creating severe overcrowding. The largest ever student enrollment at one high school in Arizona was recorded at Phoenix Union in the 1963-64 school year, with 6,320 students. (School sizes have only shrunk since then; the largest high school in Arizona is Mesa&#39;s Red Mountain High School, with 3,442 students including the 9th graders in feeder high schools.)</p><br>
<p>The Phoenix Union student body finally began to shrink; at the same time, it began to be composed of more minorities. In one decade&#39;s time, Phoenix Union had shrunk from its all-time high student enrollment to just 1,860 students. At its closure, enrollment had shrunk to a mere 1,200 students. A new building for the vocational center and some replacement structures were built in the late 1960s.</p><br>
<p>In the spring of 1982, the Governing Board of the Phoenix Union High School District marked East and Phoenix Union for closure.</p><br>
<h3>Reuse</h3><br>
<p>In the week of July 11, 1982, the older parts of the campus (as it existed in 1928) were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. They comprise the Phoenix Union High School Historic District. The campus was sold in 1985 to a developer, and some portions were occupied by offices while others were demolished due to inconsistent design or vandalism.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the University of Arizona College of Medicine renovated and expanded the buildings to accommodate its new Phoenix medical school campus.</p><br>
<h2>Athletics</h2><br>
<p>The Phoenix Union High Coyotes were dominant in many sports, including football.</p><br>
<h3>Football</h3><br>
<p>Coyote football represented the state&#39;s most dominant high school sports program. It won 25 titles in its existence — sixth-most among American high schools — and it won nine straight state titles from 1920 to 1928 (though there were no state championship games until 1959), the third-best run in American history.</p><br>
<p>In 1930, the "Wonder Team" finished with a 13-0 record. After beating Tucson High School in the final game of the season, one wire service named the team national champions.</p><br>
<p>Other players set state records as well. George Greathouse transferred from the all-Black Carver High School upon integration. His career touchdown record of 63 (37 of which were scored with the Coyotes)</p><br>
<p>Montgomery Stadium, the football stadium at Phoenix Union with a capacity of 23,000, hosted the NCAA Salad Bowl from 1948 to 1952.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Steve Allen, comedian</p><br>
<p>Oscar Palmer Austin, posthumous recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Vietnam War in 1969</p><br>
<p>Fred Carr, Green Bay Packers linebacker 1968-77</p><br>
<p>Steve Colter, NBA basketball player 1984-95</p><br>
<p>Jack Elam, actor in Western films including Gunfight at the O.K. Corral</p><br>
<p>Paul Fannin, USA Senator from Arizona from 1965 to 1977 and governor of Arizona from 1959 to 1965</p><br>
<p>Bennie Gonzales, designer of several local landmarks and municipal buildings in the Phoenix area</p><br>
<p>Jim Hensley, founder of the Hensley & Co. beer distributorship</p><br>
<p>Bill Kajikawa, Arizona State University football player and men&#39;s basketball coach</p><br>
<p>Frank Luke, the first airman to receive the Medal of Honor and namesake of Luke Air Force Base</p><br>
<p>Bill Mauldin, editorial cartoonist</p><br>
<p>Reg Manning, editorial cartoonist and illustrator</p><br>
<p>Charles McKee, former professional wide receiver</p><br>
<p>Paul Nelson, opera composer</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Ragsdale, locally important African-American civil rights activist</p><br>
<p>Jack Richard Williams, mayor of Phoenix 1956-60, governor of Arizona 1967-75, radio announcer</p><br>
<p>Tell Aswad , Su-uk-su or Shuksa, is a large prehistoric, neolithic tell, about 5 hectare in size, located around 48 km from Damascus in Syria, on a tributary of the Barada River at the eastern end of the village of Jdeidet el Khass.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>It was discovered in 1967 by Henri de Contenson who led excavations in 1971–1972. The Aswadian culture found by de Contenson was far too advanced for its calibrated dating than anything else found in the region, and the only example ever found of this culture. Further technical investigation of the lithic series by Frédéric Abbès revealed inconsistencies so it was recently decided to re-excavate in six seasons by the French Permanent Archaeological Mission El Kowm-Mureybet under the co-direction of Danielle Stordeur and Bassam Jamous between 2001–2006. Investigations into the materials found are ongoing at the National Museum of Damascus.</p><br>
<p>The fieldwork at Tell Aswad has changed the dating system at this site, abolishing the Aswadian period in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) period (9500–8700 cal BC). The latest research has split the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) period into 3; PPNB Ancien from 8700 to 8200 cal BC and the PPNB Moyen from 8200 to 7500 BC. PPNB Récent has been equated with Dunand&#39;s "Néolithique ancien de Byblos".</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The first PPNB period involved construction of massive earth architecture, layering soil with reeds to construct walls. The inhabitants of Tell Aswad invented the brick on site by modelling earth clods with beds of reeds, which they then formed into raw bricks and eventually dried in later stages. Houses were round from beginning to the end of the settlement, elliptical or polygonal and were partly buried or laid. The orientation of the openings is most often to the East. This conforms with sites in the Southern Levant, whereas Northern Euphrates Valley sites generally display rectangular houses.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>Tools and weapons were made of flint including Aswadian and Jericho point arrowheads. Other finds included grinding equipment, stone and mud containers, and ornaments made of various materials. Obsidian was imported from Anatolia. Basketry and weaving were commonplace with the imprint of embroidered fabric recorded on a fragment of plaster. Modelling clay and stone figurines of people, animals and geometric shapes such as spheres, cones, discs took place since the beginning of the settlement, these were sometimes mixed with vegetables.</p><br>
<p>The graves of more than one hundred well-preserved individuals were found. In the first half of occupation these were found in or around the homes, in later stages cemeteries are isolated outside the village. A collection of nine technically and stylistically similar, over-modelled, skulls were retrieved from two areas. Detailed study of the skulls is currently underway to provide insight into the traditions and social ties of the villagers. The residents of Tell Aswad reserved a very sophisticated treatment for the dead: skulls were removed and cleaned, with a face modelled directly onto the bone with lime plaster and then painted.</p><br>
<h2>Agriculture & animal domestication</h2><br>
<p>Tell Aswad occupies a special location in the central Levant as a connecting region between northern and southern expansions of agriculture. Apparently a stronger trade relation is present to the southern cultures, although they had many things in common with the cultures that existed in the northern Levant. It is an example of one of the oldest sites of agriculture with domesticated emmer wheat dated by Willem van Zeist and his assistant Johanna Bakker-Heeres to 8800 BC. Peter Akkermans and Glenn Schwatrz suggested on this evidence that Tell Aswad shows "the earliest systematic exploitation of domesticated cereals (emmer wheat) c. 9000-8500 BC". They suggest that the arrival of domesticated grain came from somewhere in the vicinity of "the basaltic highlands of the Jawlan (Golan) and Hawran". The claim is based on the discovery of enlarged grains, absences of wild grains and on the presumption that the site was beyond the usual habitat of the wild variety of emmer wheat. The earliest postulated evidence for einkorn wheat at Jericho was not dated until at least five hundred years later than Aswad&#39;s emmer. Flax seeds were also present. Fruit, figs and pistachios, were apparently very popular because they were found in large quantities. Stationary containers of mud and stone were found with carbonized grain found on the interior of one designating them as silos. Finally, reeds were widely used, especially as reinforcement in the architecture, but also for mats and baskets and perhaps as bedding or fodder.</p><br>
<p>A large number of goats were evident in the early stages indicating they were either hunted or herded. This is an important issue because the period when animal domestication first took place is still an open question. From the middle PPNB, the presence of corralled animals is evident. There are pigs, sheep, goats and cattle. For the latter two, production of meat and milk has been noted. In addition, cattle often show diseases resulting from their use for labour. The image that results from the study of the archaeozoological evidence is a village of farmers and herders in full possession of food production techniques. Hunting is well represented with two species of horses, two gazelles (mountain gazelle and Persian gazelle), wild boars, many water birds and some birds of the steppes. Finally, fishing is practiced throughout the occupation of the site. The presence of flora such as water reeds, rushes and tamarisk shows that the site was close to a very humid environment. The presence of bones of fish and aquatic birds like ducks, cranes and geese, indicated that the site was located near a lake and the inhabitants of Neolithic Aswad fully exploited its resources.</p><br>
<p>Tell Aswad has been cited as being of importance for the evolution of organised cities due to the appearance of building materials, organized plans and collective work. It has provided insight into the "explosion of knowledge" in the northern Levant during the PPNB Neolithic stage following dam construction. Aswad has been suggested to be amongst the ten probable centers for the origin of agriculture.</p><br>
<p>Sue Colledge gives dates for the earliest domesticated cereal use at Tell Aswad from approximately 9150 to 8950 BC. This is preceded by an earlier and smaller cave site called Iraq ed-Dubb in Jordan showing evidence of domestic cereals possibly as far back as 9600 BC.</p><br>
<p>Jacques Cauvin clarifies that Aswad was not the center for the origin of agriculture, stating that its first inhabitants "arrived, perhaps from the neighboring Anti-Lebanon, already equipped with the seeds for planting, for their practice of agriculture from the inception of the settlement is not in doubt. Thus it was not in the oasis itself that they carried out their first experiments in farming."</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Cauvin, Jacques, The Birth of the Gods and the origins of agriculture, Cambridge, 2000.</p><br>
<p>Kuijt, Ian and Goring-Morris, Nigel., Foraging, Farming, and Social Complexity in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the Southern Levant: A Review and Synthesis, Journal of World Prehistory, Volume 16, Number 4.</p><br>
<p>The Black Devon is a river in Scotland. It rises in the Cleish Hills, specifically the area known as Outh Muir,http://www.fishforth.co.uk/fdsfb/rivers/black-devon/</p><br>
<p>Forth District Salmon Fishery Board - Black Devon 1.5 km north of Knockhill Racing Circuit, around 9 km north-west of Dunfermline, Fife, with the gathering of three small streams in branch formation. The river flows westwards through Balgonar, north of Saline, and then merges with the Saline Burn. The Black Devon flows into Clackmannanshire, through the hamlet of Forestmill and past the town of Clackmannan. The Black Devon enters the River Forth south of Alloa, 1 km north of Dunmore Pier.</p><br>
<p>It is a narrow and shallow river that holds wild brown trout, and also sees sea trout in winter months that come into the Firth of Forth, which is tidal as far as Stirling. The Rivers and Fisheries Trusts of Scotland manage the River Forth and its tributary rivers, which besides the Black Devon include the River Devon, River Teith, and River Allan.</p><br>
<h2>Disappearance</h2><br>
<p>In June 1952 the last two miles of the Black Devon disappeared into old coal mine workings. These eventually filled with a mixture of fresh and salt water, the river being tidal at the point where the collapse into the mine workings occurred.</p><br>
<h2>Wetland Scheme</h2><br>
<p>Coal mining over a long period of time, from probably at least three collieries working different strata, had caused significant subsidence around the lower reaches of the Black Devon and its confluence with the River Forth. There was also concern about the effects of rising sea levels generally. The area between the west bank of the Black Devon and the Forth had subsided considerably and had been useful for landfill, however modern environmental considerations meant that this had to cease. Accordingly, a scheme was devised to create a wetland area.</p><br>
<h2>Gartmorn Dam</h2><br>
<p>This is a reservoir which was initially built in the 18th century by John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675–1732), and later upgraded several times by others, to provide water power for the pumps which drained his collieries in Alloa. Gartmorn Dam does not lie on the Black Devon, but is fed from it by a lade originating at a weir in the Black Devon just above Forestmill. Today Gartmorn Dam is used for leisure activities. The weir and lade remain in good condition.</p><br>
<h2>Other Industries</h2><br>
<p>The 1956 2 1/2 inch OS map shows weirs and the Linn Mill, traces of which still exist, at NS 926930 and further downstream a Woollen Mill, now obliterated by a housing estate, at NS 914923, apparently worked by water power. It is not known to what extent the various quarries and mines on either side of the river utilised water power.</p><br>
<p>Draycot Cerne  is a small village and former civil parish in Wiltshire, England, about 3 mi north of Chippenham.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The parish was referred to as (Medieval Latin:) Draicote in the ancient Domesday hundred of Startley when Geoffrey de Venoix ("the Marshal") was lord and tenant-in-chief in 1086. The morpheme dray is common in England&#39;s place names, yet unused elsewhere in the English language, so is considered an ancient Celtic word. By the 14th century, the old village was known as Draycot Cerne, in part to differentiate it from similarly named villages in other areas of England. The suffix Cerne is the French surname of the lords of the manor.</p><br>
<p>The ancient parish of Draycot Cerne comprised three manors: Draycot Cerne, Knabwell (or Nables) and a detached part at Avon, near Kellaways. The old village of Draycot Cerne (also known in the 19th century as Lower Draycot), close to the church and Draycot House, was removed by Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley after 1865 and Upper Draycot was renamed Draycot Cerne. All of the cottages and farms of Draycot Cerne were on the Draycot Estate, belonging to Draycot House.</p><br>
<p>The parish of Draycot Cerne, together with Seagry parish to its north, was added to Sutton Benger civil parish in 1934. In 1971 all land north of the newly built M4 motorway, including part of the former Draycot parish, was transferred to a recreated Seagry parish.</p><br>
<h2>Parish church</h2><br>
<p>St James&#39;s Church was built around 1260. It is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.</p><br>
<p>The benefice was united with Seagry in 1939 but in 1954 the union was dissolved, and for church purposes the village is now within the parish of Kington Langley.</p><br>
<h2>Draycot House</h2><br>
<p>A medieval manor has occupied the site since the 14th century. Old Draycot House was probably built for John Long in the mid 15th century. The house was extensively re-modelled, over the years, by the Long family. In 1773–75 Sir James Tylney-Long (1736-1794) added a new south front, and east and west wings around the core of the medieval manor. Further work was undertaken in 1864, after Lord Cowley&#39;s inheritance. The house was demolished in 1952-4.</p><br>
<h2>The Long family of Draycot Cerne</h2><br>
<p>The following family members were active in English politics:</p><br>
<p>Robert Long (c.1391–1447)</p><br>
<p>John Long (c.1419–1478)</p><br>
<p>Sir Thomas Long (c.1451–1508)</p><br>
<p>Henry Long (c.1489–1556), High Sheriff of Wiltshire, Somerset and Dorset</p><br>
<p>Richard Long (courtier) (c. 1494–1546), younger brother of Henry</p><br>
<p>Sir Robert Long (c. 1517–1581)</p><br>
<p>Sir Walter Long (c.1594–1637)</p><br>
<p>Sir Robert Long, 1st Baronet (c.1600–1673) of Westminster, younger brother of Sir Walter</p><br>
<p>Sir James Long, 2nd Baronet (c.1617–1692)</p><br>
<p>Sir Robert Long, 3rd Baronet (1673–1692)</p><br>
<p>Sir Giles Long, 4th Baronet (1675–1698)</p><br>
<p>Sir James Long, 5th Baronet (1681–1728/29)</p><br>
<p>Sir Robert Long, 6th Baronet (1704-1767)</p><br>
<p>James Tylney-Long, 7th Baronet (1737–1794)</p><br>
<p>Sir James Tylney-Long, 8th Baronet (1794–1805)</p><br>
<p>Between 1412 and 1610, the Long family held Draycot House jointly with South Wraxall Manor, near Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire.</p><br>
<p>Other members:</p><br>
<p>Anne Long (c.1681–1711), a well-known figure in London society</p><br>
<p>Catherine Tylney-Long (1789–1825), inherited the estate in 1805</p><br>
<p>William Pole-Tylney-Long-Wellesley, 5th Earl of Mornington (1813–1863), son of Catherine</p><br>
<h2>The Draycot Estate</h2><br>
<p>The Draycot Estate covered 4300 acres at its maximum extent, covering the whole of Draycot Cerne, Kellaways, Sutton Benger and Seagry, parts of Startley, Little Somerford, Christian Malford and Kington Langley. It was the main land-holding of the Tylney-Long baronets in Wiltshire.</p><br>
<p>The Draycot Estate in Wiltshire was part of a much larger estate, in several English counties including:</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>John Buckeridge (c. 1562–1631), theologian. Born in Draycot Cerne.</p><br>
<p>John Aubrey (12 March 1626 – 7 June 1697), an English antiquary, natural philosopher and writer, was a frequent visitor to old Draycot House. His biography, by Ruth Scurr, was illustrated on the front cover with a watercolour of Aubrey and Sir James Long, 2nd Baronet of Draycot hunting together. Some of the correspondence between Aubrey and Sir James Long, at the Bodleian Library, is published in Early Modern Letters Online. Other letters were directed to Aubrey via Robert Hooke at Gresham College.</p><br>
<p>John Britton (antiquary) (1771-1857) was educated at Draycot House school, although he later complained about the quality of the teaching.</p><br>
<p>Francis Kilvert (3 December 184023 September 1879), the diarist, was a frequent visitor to Draycot Cerne, when he was in Wiltshire.</p><br>
<p>Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley inherited the former Long family estate of Draycot Cerne, in 1863, from his cousin the 5th Earl of Mornington, and he lived there in retirement until his death on 15 July 1884.</p><br>
<p>Prince Franz von Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg of the House of Hatzfeld and his wife, Clara, leased Draycot House between 1896 and 1915. He was the owner of Ascetic&#39;s Silver, the winner of the 1906 Grand National. She was the adopted daughter of the American billionaire Collis Potter Huntington.</p><br>
<p>The Shelden-Dee Block is a commercial building located on the corner of Shelden Avenue and Isle Royale Street in Houghton, Michigan. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1890, successful Houghton businessman George C. Shelden purchased property on the corner of Shelden Avenue and Isle Royale Street for $8,500, intending to erect a sandstone building. George Shelden died in 1894, before beginning construction. However, his wife Mary (Edwards) Shelden partnered with another local businessman, James R. Dee, and hired Chicago architect Henry L. Ottenheimer to design a commercial building for the site, The two investors each took possession of half the building. The building was constructed in 1899-1900 by the Chicago- and Houghton-based construction firm of Paul P.F. Mueller.</p><br>
<p>The first businesses to occupy the four ground-level storefronts were a drug store, a shoe store, a dry goods store, and a café / saloon; a barber was located in the basement. The upper floors consisted of office suites; this space was later converted into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Shelden-Dee block is a three-story Classical Revival commercial building, constructed from smooth-cut Portage Entry sandstone on the streetside facades and brick on the rear facades. The facade is symmetrical, with Ionic order pilasters separating second- and third- floors windows. Stone balconies are set int othe third floor, and the arches above doorways feature highly detailed carving. A sandstone cornice topped with a second copper cornice surmounts the structure.</p><br>
<p>The main floor of the building contains four storefronts lined, each with floor-to-ceiling windows topped with a transom of Luxfer prisms, which scatter incoming light. The second and third floors were originally office space, but have been converted to apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Des Moines County Court House in Burlington, Iowa, United States was built in 1940. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as a part of the PWA-Era County Courthouses of Iowa Multiple Properties Submission.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first court sessions in the county were held in log cabins until the county leased Marion Hall. The county purchased Mozart Hall in 1866 which was destroyed in 1873 by a fire that also destroyed many of the county records it housed. County offices again occupied Marion Hall temporarily until 1882 when the new four-story courthouse, designed by Perley Hale, was completed at a cost of $130,000. The building was constructed of sandstone from Ohio and brick and was topped with a cupola. Empty spaces between the ceiling and floor above were filled with concrete in an attempt to fireproof the structure. The county sold the building in 1940 after offices moved into the current courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The county board of supervisors applied for and received a grant from the Public Works Administration (PWA) in August 1938 to assist with funding for the new courthouse. Voters passed a bond referendum the following month and the board selected the Des Moines architectural firm of Keffer & Jones to design the building. Paul Steenberg Construction Co., of St. Paul, Minnesota, submitted the winning construction bid in February 1939. Final construction costs totaled about $280,000. Construction began a short time after the bidding process, however, poor soil conditions and various labor problems slowed construction. With work nearly finished, county workers moved into the new courthouse in April 1940. The courtroom was dedicated by Justice Oscar Hale of the Iowa Supreme Court on April 6, 1940. A larger celebration was deferred because on the onset of World War II.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architectural style of the building is known as Depression Modern or PWA Moderne. The 126 by building features a symmetrical façade with a central section that protrudes slightly forward. The exterior is composed of buff colored brick and Bedford limestone trim. On the interior, a central corridor extends the length of each floor. Office spaces open onto the corridor and vaults occupy the corners of the structure to house records. The interior featured multi-colored terrazzo floors, marble wainscoting and acoustic tile. Originally, the courtroom was decorated in dark wood tones and Art Deco ornamentation. A single-story addition was added to the north side of the building in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The Audubon County Court House in Audubon, Iowa, United States was built in 1940. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as a part of the PWA-Era County Courthouses of IA Multiple Properties Submission. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After the county was established in 1851 court was held in a schoolhouse in Hamlin’s Grove. Ten years later, the county seat relocated to Exira and a fight ensued as to where the county seat should be located. The board of supervisors made an appropriation for a new courthouse in 1871 but it was delayed due to the disagreement. Exira eventually won and officials constructed a courthouse for about $2,200. The county seat was again moved in 1879 to Audubon. The county secured $7,000 in 1884 to build a new courthouse. The 44 by 100 foot building featured a central tower and was demolished in 1939 to make way for the current structure.</p><br>
<p>In July 1938, a citizens group encouraged the county board of supervisors to apply for funding from the Public Works Administration (PWA) to build a new courthouse.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architectural style of the building is known as Depression Modern or PWA Moderne. The building features a symmetrical façade with a central section of two stories that is flanked by two lower sections. It is built over a raised basement. The exterior is composed of buff colored brick and Bedford limestone trim. On the interior the central corridors extend the length of the building. Vaults were built into the corners of the structure with the county offices opening onto the corridor. The interior featured multi-colored terrazzo floors, marble wainscoting and acoustic tile. Originally, the courtroom was decorated in dark wood tones and Art Deco ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>The Warren County Court House in Indianola, Iowa, United States was built in 1939. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as a part of the PWA-Era County Courthouses of IA Multiple Properties Submission. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The counties first courthouse was a log cabin built in 1851. It measured 20 by. A Victorian structure was built in 1868. Years of neglect weakened the building. Walls started to bulge and part of the building fell onto the sidewalk below.</p><br>
<p>A referendum to build a new courthouse failed in 1936 even though funding from the Public Works Administration, or PWA, had been approved to assist with construction costs. A second referendum in 1938 was approved, and PWA funding was again made available. Indianola native Earl Jones of the Des Moines architectural firm Keffer & Jones designed the new building. F.B. Dickinson & Co., of Des Moines was awarded the contract to build the building and work commenced in October 1938. The cornerstone was laid in December of the same year. The building was constructed for $145,000. The dedication ceremony was held on August 24, 1939. Over 12,000 people participated in the celebration, which included a parade, athletic events, a courthouse tour, concerts and a street dance. The keynote address was given by John Gross, president of Simpson College.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architectural style of the building is known as Depression Modern or PWA Moderne. The building features a symmetrical façade with a central section of two stories that is flanked by two lower sections. It is built over a raised basement. The exterior is composed of buff colored brick and Bedford limestone trim. On the interior the central corridors extend the length of the building. Vaults were built into the corners of the structure with the county offices opening onto the corridor. The interior featured multi-colored terrazzo floors, marble wainscoting and acoustic tile. Originally, the courtroom was decorated in dark wood tones and Art Deco ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>Cambria Farm is the site of a Bronze, Iron Age, Roman rural settlement, between Ruishton and Taunton, Somerset, England.</p><br>
<p>A survey of the site was carried by Context One in 2007 out prior to the construction of a Park and ride close to Junction 25 of the M5 motorway. In early 2009 further exploration and excavation was carried out. It uncovered Bronze Age burnt mounds, Middle Bronze Age and Late Iron Age roundhouses, and a field system established in the late Iron Age that remained in use until the 3rd or 4th century AD.</p><br>
<p>The evidence of human occupation was dated as between 1500 BC to 400 AD. The buildings included three possible rectilinear post-built structures and at least five roundhouses, one of which was 17 m in diameter. A Roman field system and small inhumation cemetery containing 30 burials dating from the 2nd to 4th centuries AD was also discovered.</p><br>
<p>Finds from the site include a pair of iron shears, iron spear tips, animal bones, flint tools, loom weights, Iron Age and Roman brooches and Roman coins. They will be displayed in the Museum of Somerset. Examples of Glastonbury type pottery, and three Iron Age spearheads were also found.</p><br>
<p>Trindlemoss Loch, Scotts / Scots Loch or the Loch of Irvine was situated in a low-lying area running from Ravenspark to near Stanecastle and down to Lockwards, now represented only by the playing fields off Bank Street in the Parish of Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland. The loch was natural, sitting in a hollow created by glaciation. The loch waters were progressively drained and in 1691 this was finally achieved.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The loch is shown as two lochs on Blaeus map of 1654, surveyed by Timothy Pont in the early 1600s. In around 1691 the Rev Patrick Warner, purchased the property of Clonbeith from Walter Scott and likewise purchased his lands in Irvine, which included the loch of Trindlemoss with the bounds, fowlings and fishings. Additionally Warners purchase included the north quarter of the Braid Meadow and two other meadows contiguous with the loch. Warner went on to drain much of the Loch of Irving or Trindlemoss, later called Scott&#39;s Loch. Strawhorn records that Provost John Scott of Clonbeith was the one time owner from whom Trindlemoss gained its new name.</p><br>
<p>In 1763 the common from the Minister&#39;s Cast or Gott (a trench, ditch, or watercourse) to Redburn Bridge was enclosed.</p><br>
<h3>Treaty of Irvine</h3><br>
<p>The information plaque at Seagate Castle records that the Treaty of Irvine between Scotland and England was signed at Seagate Castle on 9 July 1297. In 1297 Edward I had sent a punitive expedition under Sir Henry Percy to Irvine to quash an armed uprising against his dethronement of John Balliol. The Earl of Carrick, Robert Bruce, Bishop Wishart and others led the Scottish army, however after much argument they decided to submit without a fight. The armies had been encamped in sight of each other, the English at Tarryholme and the Scots at Knadgerhill, with the Trindlemoss Loch between them.</p><br>
<h3>Drainage</h3><br>
<p>By 1500 the loch drainage had begun with the Gruipe Gutter cut to drain the loch waters into the River Irvine, the natural outflow being a burn that ran into the Annick Water at Lockwards. Patrick Warner of Ardeer, the parish minister of Irvine, had been exiled to Holland following the Battle of Bothwell Brig and had learned the techniques of drainage from the Dutch. He first dug ditches or gotts that ran into the drain known as the Ministers Cast that ran from the northern end through the old Williamfield area and then into the Irvine as Jennys Burn. This worked well and the existing drain or stank (a stretch of slow-moving water), known as the Grip or Gruipe Gutter running through the town along what is now Chapel Lane, dried up. Others drained the south end of the loch via the outflow that ran into the Annick Water. The newly drained areas became valuable farm lands.</p><br>
<p>In August 1682 the Baillie of Irvine, Hugh Montgomery, was reimbursed for a payment of two shillings made to Robert Miller for casting the goat leading to the loch runing betwixt the taelling rigs and the town lands.</p><br>
<p>The Tanzie Well, St Annes or the Washing House Well is a spring that runs into the River Irvine near the Pouther House on the Golf Fields. This spring or spout still exists beside the New Bridge, the pedestrian bridge, and is said to drain water from the old Scotts Loch site.</p><br>
<h2>Watermills</h2><br>
<p>Several mills were powered by the lochs waters, such as Lochmills built on Burgh land at Lochwards and powered by the natural outflow of the loch. In 1666 Johne Boill was the miller. The mills lost the water power upon the lochs drainage in the 1690s. Timothy Pont in the early 1600s records a mill as being situated on the southern outflow exit.</p><br>
<h2>Micro-history</h2><br>
<p>When, in the 18th century, a religious group known as the Buchanites were expelled from Irvine, residents threatened to drown them in Scott&#39;s Loch, however they made it safely to the village of Closeburn.</p><br>
<p>The Bremer County Court House in Waverly, Iowa, United States was built in 1937. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as a part of the PWA-Era County Courthouses of IA Multiple Properties Submission. The courthouse is the fourth building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bremer County&#39;s first courthouse was a small frame building used from 1854-1857. It was replaced by a brick structure measuring 43 by 63 feet at a cost of $23,000. It was used for a variety of civic purposes until 1869 when the county board of supervisors limited its use to political and county societies. A fireproof building was built next to the existing courthouse in 1870 to house the county records.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the 1920s and 1930s conversations were held at various times concerning a new courthouse to replace the 1857 structure, which had become too small. The county applied for funding from the Public Works Administration (PWA), in 1935 to assist with construction costs and received approval of the request of $60,750. County supervisors retained Waterloo architect Mortimer B. Cleveland to design the new building and a debate began about moving the county seat to Tripoli, the supervisors tabled it. In March 1936, voters approved a referendum to fund the rest of the construction costs. Drape Construction Co. of Tripoli received the contract to build the building and work commenced in October 1936 and completed the following summer. Final construction cost was $119,000 with the June 6, 1937 dedication ceremony seen by 1,500 people. Justice Richard Mitchell of the Iowa Supreme Court and P.P. Hopkins, the State PWA Director, were the featured speakers.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architectural style of the building is known as Depression Modern or PWA Moderne. The building features a symmetrical façade with a central section of 3½ stories that is flanked by two lower sections of 2½ stories over a raised basement. The exterior is clad in brick and Kasota stone, a cream colored limestone. A central corridor extends the length of the building on each floor and office spaces extend from the corridors. The interior featured multi-colored terrazzo floors, marble wainscoting and acoustic tile.</p><br>
<p>Mount McAdie is summit on the crest of the Sierra Nevada and is located 2.1 mi south of Mount Whitney. It has three summits with the north peak being the highest. The summit ridge marks the boundary between Sequoia National Park and the John Muir Wilderness. It is also on the boundary between Inyo and Tulare counties. Lone Pine, 12.4 mi to the northeast, is in the Owens Valley on USA 395.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, the mountain was named in honor of Alexander G. McAdie by James E. Church. McAdie ran the USA Weather Bureau in San Francisco at the time, and had visited the summit of Mount Whitney in 1903. The name first appeared on a map in 1956 with the publication of the USGS, 15 minute, Mount Whitney Quadrangle topographic map.</p><br>
<p>The north summit can be reached from Arc Pass and was first climbed by Norman Clyde in 1922. The west face was first climbed in 1954 and is a ascent.</p><br>
<p>Buridava  was a Dacian town. situated in Dacia, later Dacia Apulensis, now Romania, on the banks of the river Aluta now Olt</p><br>
<h2>Ancient sources</h2><br>
<h3>Ptolemy's Geographia</h3><br>
<h3>Tabula Peutingeriana</h3><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name is Geto-Thracian</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Dacian town</h3><br>
<p>Buridava was the chief trading center of the tribe of the Buri It was located at Ocnita</p><br>
<h3>Roman times</h3><br>
<p>Romans built the Buridava castra at Stolniceni (7 km from Ocnita)</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>A fragment of a vase carrying the inscription BUR, indicates the name of the Dacian tribe Buridavensi In addition to the inscriptions in Latin capitals and cursives uncovered in 1973 and 1978, two inscriptions in Greek were discovered in the same years. They both date from the time of Augustus</p><br>
<p>Meare Lake Village is the site of an Iron Age settlement on the Somerset Levels at Meare, Somerset, England. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>In prehistoric times there were two villages situated within the now-drained Meare Pool, occupied at different times between 300 BC and 100 AD, similar to the nearby Glastonbury Lake Village. Investigation of the Meare Pool indicates that it was formed by the encroachment of raised peat bogs around it, particularly during the Subatlantic climatic period (1st millennium BC), and core sampling demonstrates that it is filled with at least 2 m of detritus mud. The pool at that time was at least 2 mi long by 1 mi wide.</p><br>
<p>The villages were built on a morass on an artificial foundation of timber filled with brushwood, bracken, rubble and clay. The two villages, east and west, within Meare Pool appear to originate from a collection of structures erected on the surface of the dried peat, such as tents, windbreaks and animal folds. There were 50 to 60 hut sites in each of the villages.</p><br>
<p>Clay was later spread over the peat, providing raised stands for occupation, industry and movement, and in some areas thicker clay spreads accommodated hearths built of clay or stone. More recent studies have shown that the villages were formed by laying dried clay over the Sphagnum Moss of the bog.</p><br>
<p>Little has been found of walls or roofing material, which has led to speculation that the huts were in fact tent-like structures, which may have only been occupied on a seasonal basis.</p><br>
<p>The lake villages in the area were connected by tracks such as the Sweet Track through the peat bog, and include the Honeygore, Abbotts Way, Bells, Bakers, Westhay, and Nidons trackways. The purpose of these structures was to enable easier travel between the settlements.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>The Meare villages were discovered in 1895 but excavation did not start until 1908, with much of the early work being carried out by Arthur Bulleid and Harold Gray. In the 1970s the Somerset Levels Project undertook further excavations of the western area and followed this up with exploration of the eastern area in the 1980s. A ground-penetrating radar survey was undertaken in 1998 by the Centre for Wetland Archaeology at the University of Hull when coring was also undertaken by Exeter University.</p><br>
<p>Archaeologists uncovered several hearths in the buried ruins of one of the houses. They also found several lias stones lying around the fire, including one vertical stone which may have been a backrest. The archaeologists also found several artefacts, including cut pieces of red deer antler, pieces of iron, the rim of a bronze bowl, a spiral finger ring made from bronze, and a decorated amber bead. Bone and antler weaving combs have been found in large numbers suggesting that braid production may have been important.</p><br>
<p>The site was used during the Iron Age for glass working specialising particularly in bead production, some of which are now in the National Museum of Wales.</p><br>
<p>Curdon Camp is a univallate Iron Age hill fort in the West Somerset district of Somerset, England. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<p>The hill fort is situated approximately 0.8 mi north-west from the village of Stogumber. The camp was nearly completely destroyed by quarrying and bulldozing. A section of the camp remains that is still 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) high on the southern and western sides.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<p>Westbury Camp is a univallate Iron Age hill fort in the Sedgemoor district of Somerset, England. The hill fort is situated approximately 1 mi north-east from the village of Draycott. The camp is largely situated in a hill slope. The north east defences has largely been destroyed by small quarries over the years. The narrow top of the hill bank suggests that it may have been surmounted by a dry stone wall. Along part of the east side of the camp there are traces of a berm between the bank and the outer ditch and at the western angle shallow quarry pits occur internally and externally set back from the rampart.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<p>Roddenbury Hillfort is a univallate Iron Age hillfort in the parish of Selwood, Somerset, England. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and on the Heritage at Risk register. It is close to the later Hales Castle.</p><br>
<p>The site covers 0.84 hectare. It some places the protective bank has been destroyed. In others it remains up to 1.6 m high and has a 1.8 m ditch below it.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<p>The Silo Canal, or Silokanal in German, is a canal in the German state of Brandenburg. It provides a short cut for vessels navigating the River Havel, avoiding the winding and constricted navigation through the city of Brandenburg an der Havel.</p><br>
<p>The 5.26 km long canal follows the route of the Silograben of 1782, and was constructed between 1907 and 1910. At its upstream end, the Vorstadtschleuse Brandenburg lock descends 1 m into the lower level of the Havel, known as the Brandenburger Niederhavel, where a junction is also made with the Beetzsee. From here the canal proper skirts the northern edge of the city, eventually flowing into the Quenzsee, which links to the Plauer See and hence the River Havel and the Elbe–Havel Canal.</p><br>
<p>Whilst commercial shipping uses the Silo Canal, leisure traffic tends to use the older and smaller dimensioned Brandenburg City Canal, which diverges upstream of the Vorstadtschleuse Brandenburg and passes through the city centre, before descending through the Stadtschleuse Brandenburg lock. This traffic then follows the Brandenburger Niederhavel downstream into the Breitlingsee before rejoining the main route in the Plauer See.</p><br>
<p>Mount Kedros , is a mountain on the island of Crete in Greece. It is located southwest of the Ida massif with which it forms the two flanks of the Amari Valley. Mount Kedros is conical-shaped and made of limestone. Its landscape abounds with canyons and rock cliffs and is almost barren, with dry scrubs and phrygana being the major forms of vegetation. Kedros grows endemic or rare flowers such as tulips, anemones, corn marigolds, turban buttercups, tassel hyacinths, orchids, etc., and provides ideal conditions for the nesting of falcons as well as larger birds of prey such as griffon vultures, golden eagles and Bonelli&#39;s eagles. Owing to the significance of its flora and fauna, Mount Kedros is a node of the Natura 2000 network of protected areas. An E4 mountain footpath climbs up to the highest peak of the site. To the north of Kedros are located the plateau Gious Kampos and the Kissano gorge.</p><br>
<p>A belt of villages collectively known as the Kedros villages are built on its slopes at altitudes ranging between 400 and 600 m.</p><br>
<p>During WW II, their dwellers supported the local resistance fighters who used Mt. Kedros as their hideout. In reprisal, the German occupation forces destroyed the Kedros villages and murdered several of their inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>The Allamakee County Court House in Waukon, Iowa, United States was built in 1940. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as a part of the PWA-Era County Courthouses of IA Multiple Properties Submission. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There was a long and bitter fight between the towns of Waukon and Lansing as to which one would be the county seat in Allamakee County. Leaders held ten elections to determine the county seat before the American Civil War. A courthouse was completed in Waukon for $13,635 in 1861. The building, constructed in 1861, served as the county courthouse until 1940.</p><br>
<p>The county board of supervisors applied for and received a grant in 1938 from the Public Works Administration, or PWA, to pay for 45 percent of the construction costs for a new courthouse. On September 22, of the same year voters approved a referendum authorizing sale of $105,000 in bonds for construction. Decorah architect Charles Altfillisch was chosen to design the building. Bids for construction were submitted and reviewed in March 1939 and Rye & Henkel of Mason City, Iowa won the contract. The Allamakee County Court House was the last PWA funded courthouse built in Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architectural style of the building is known as Depression Modern or PWA Moderne. The exterior of the building is composed of pressed brick and Bedford limestone. On the interior, the central corridors extend the length of the building and various county offices open onto the corridor. The interior features a monochromatic color palate and terrazzo floors that are laid out in large squares. The corridors were finished in plaster and marble, and aluminum handrails were used in the staircases. This courthouse has more structural problems associated with it than any others built during the PWA era in Iowa. An American Civil War monument dating from the 1920s stands on the courthouse grounds.</p><br>
<p>The Allamakee County Courthouse  is the county’s historic courthouse located in Waukon, Iowa. It was built in 1861 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The Greek Revival style building was the first courthouse that was used for court functions and county administration. The building now serves as the Allamakee County Historical Museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There was a long and bitter fight between the towns of Waukon and Lansing as to which one would be the county seat in Allamakee County. The Iowa legislature chose Jefferson Township as the county seat. An election in 1851 rejected the choice as well as others and Columbus became the county seat. Two years later the legislature approved a petition to move the county seat closer to the center of the county and Waukon received two-thirds of the vote. In 1859 Lansing offered to build an $8,000 courthouse and Waukon countered with its own offer and won by 420 votes. The courthouse in Waukon was completed for $13,635 in 1861. That same year both Columbus and Lansing joined together to fight for the courthouse. This time they beat Waukon by 22 votes in an election that was held in 1862. Another election was held in 1864 with similar results. The county sheriff, who lived in Waukon, along with a posse removed the county records from Lansing. He was intercepted by horsemen from Lansing and forced to return the records. In 1867 the Iowa Supreme Court ruled that Waukon was the county seat. The building constructed in 1861 served as the county courthouse until 1940 when the present courthouse was built.</p><br>
<p>The Pagoda is a novelty building, built atop the south end of Mount Penn overlooking Reading, Pennsylvania, United States. It has been a symbol of the city for more than a century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Completed in 1908 at a cost of $50,000, this pagoda was intended to be the hotel/restaurant centerpiece of a luxury resort. When plans for the rest of the resort were abandoned, the 7-story wooden building on 10 acre of land was donated to Reading in 1911. It is now part of the Mount Penn Reserve, 1,595 acre of municipally-owned land.</p><br>
<p>The Pagoda is 28 ft wide, 50 ft long, and 72 ft tall. Perched on the edge of a cliff, 620 ft above the city and 886 ft above sea level, it offers a 30 mi panoramic view of the city and the surrounding countryside.</p><br>
<p>Within the top story hangs a tocsin, a massive bell cast in Obata, Mie Prefecture, Japan, in 1739, and formerly installed in a Buddhist temple in either Ogose or Hannō, Saitama Prefecture, just north of Tokyo. Listed on the bell&#39;s sides in Old Japanese (kanji) characters are the names of its 48 donors and a prophecy about the end of time. The temple was closed in 1881, and later destroyed.</p><br>
<p>Anti-Japanese sentiment was rampant during World War II, and there were calls to demolish the building. But it was restored in 1949, with the lower story and balconies rebuilt in stone. In 1960, neon lights were installed outlining its roofs. In the 1970s, the Japanese garden was restored, and Japanese cherry trees were planted around the building. LED lights were installed in 2008-09. A webcam on its third floor periodically records and publishes the weather atop Mount Penn.</p><br>
<p>The Pagoda is owned by the City of Reading but is managed and preserved by the Foundation for the Reading Pagoda. It houses a small café and a gift shop, and functions as an icon for the City of Reading. The Pagoda is also the home of Pagoda Skyline, Inc., a non-profit volunteer organization formed in 1969 to help with the restoration and preservation of the Pagoda, the William Penn Memorial Fire Tower and Skyline Drive.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Wheeler Peak Glacier is a glacier situated at the base of Wheeler Peak within Great Basin National Park in the USA state of Nevada. It has been called the southernmost glacier in the Northern Hemisphere but is much further north than Mount Everest and glaciers of the Himalaya and also further north than Palisade Glacier in California. At a height of 13,063 ft Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and the second tallest mountain in Nevada. The mountain top is also considered to be a horn, a peak carved and shaped by glaciers over a long period of time.</p><br>
<p>The Wheeler Peak glacier can be considered an alpine glacier which started melting at 9,000 ft and the effects of the glacier can easily be seen by observing the pathways (slopes, canyons, and streams) that the melting glacial water has cut through over several years. The glacier is also unique in that it contains many rocks and minerals, including limestone (found in the Lehman Caves), marble, sandstone, shale, quartzite, granite, aragonite, moonmilk, and gypsum.</p><br>
<h2>Glacier details</h2><br>
<p>At about 120,000 ft&sup2; in size, the Wheeler Peak Glacier is fairly small, and is generally considered to be an alpine glacier. This type of small glacier is generally found in mountainous terrain, and is also sometimes referred to as a "mountain", "niche", or "cirque" glacier.</p><br>
<p>The ice visible on the surface is only a portion of the whole glacier, the rest is covered with debris and therefore considered to be a rock glacier.</p><br>
<p>Looking at the glacier, it is easy to see arc-shaped ridges on the ice surface. The curvature is due to the way the glacier has grown; ice mass near the midline of the glacier creep faster than those on either side, causing the curvature. Because Wheeler Peak has a northeast-facing headwall, it has perennial snow, and is able to protect the glacier from the sun.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>There are several locations within the park from which the glacier can be viewed. The only vista available from the road, however, is from the Wheeler Peak Overlook on the Wheeler Peak Scenic Drive. The glacier can be seen at the bottom of the Wheeler Peak rock face.</p><br>
<p>The Bristlecone/Glacier Trail can be used to access the foot of the glacier, and is approximately 4.6 mi roundtrip. The trailhead can be found at the end of the Wheeler Peak Scenic Drive, and climbs from an initial elevation of 9,800 ft to approximately 10,900 ft. Hikers should be cautious when using the trail, as boulders may be unstable and small rockslides are common.</p><br>
<h2>Climate history and change</h2><br>
<p>The Wheeler Peak Glacier is a vestige of the last glacial maximum, when the climate was as much as 8 degrees (F) cooler than it is today. During that time period, glaciers moved down to as low as 9,200 ft, but subsequent warming during the Holocene Epoch (starting 10,000 years ago) caused widespread melting of both continental glaciers and other alpine glaciers. Specifically, there has been a global retreat of glaciers since 1850. Given current warming trends, the Wheeler Peak Glacier will likely disappear within the next 20 years.</p><br>
<p>The Dalton Covered Bridge, also called the Dalton Bridge, is a historic covered bridge that carries Joppa Road over the Warner River in Warner, New Hampshire. Its name refers to a nearby resident  at the time of its construction. The bridge was built in 1853 by Joshua Sanborn, and its original abutments were built by George Sawyer and Webster Davis; all were local residents. The bridge has a span of 76 ft, with a total bridge length  of 84 ft. The bridge is 17 ft wide, with a road bed width of 14 ft, although guard rails have reduced its usable width to just under 13 ft.</p><br>
<p>The bridge uses a combination of truss types to support the load, following a patent issued in 1837 to Stephen Long, who also patented the Long truss. Its primary support mechanism is a king post truss, in which a vertical post is joined to chord members by iron bolts. This primary support is supplemented by a queen post truss system that flank the king truss walls. The trusses are mounted on abutments that are primarily fieldstone, but were capped in concrete in the 20th century. The mounting is secured by iron tension rods. The exterior walls of the bridge are vertical boarding with four windows; this finish was also rehabilitated in the 1960s. The gabled roof is made of corrugated metal.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Hancock-Greenfield Bridge is a historic covered bridge carrying Forest Road over the Contoocook River at the town line between Hancock and Greenfield, New Hampshire. The New Hampshire Department of Transportation covered bridge database refers to it as County Bridge. It is a single-span Teco-Pratt timber truss, 88 ft long and 27 ft wide, with an internal clearance of 14 ft. The road bed is 20 ft wide, and carries two lanes of traffic. The bridge&#39;s roof is sheathed in asphalt, and its walls are finished in vertical board siding. Built in 1937, it is the first wooden covered bridge in the northeastern United States to use modern engineering techniques .</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>Peacock Farm is a residential neighborhood located in Lexington, Massachusetts. This historic neighborhood was designed by architect Walter Pierce and built between 1952 and 1958 with the goal making modernist homes accessible to those with limited budgets. The 45-acre subdivision had formerly been a wetland where peacocks were raised and took its name from the previous identity of the site.</p><br>
<p>Pierce said most traditional architects found the land undesirable for development: "Much of the land gradient was steep, and much of the site was underlaid with ledge. To our eyes, these were assets that could be worked with. The land formed a natural bowl, shielded from the north by the hill and sloping down to the south and southeast, nice attributes in this northern latitude."</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 as the Peacock Farm Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Rumpi Hills in the Southwest Region of Cameroon are about 80 km north of Mount Cameroon, and include the Rumpi Hills Wildlife Reserve.</p><br>
<p>The Rumpi Hills cover about 1,500 km&sup2; in an area of Precambrian metamorphic and intrusive rocks cut by Cainozoic intrusive complexes and widely overlain by volcanoes from the Cainozoic, the highest of which is Mount Rata at 1,768 m.</p><br>
<p>There are no classic volcano cones with craters, since many of the peaks have been caused by extensive faulting.</p><br>
<p>The hills contain mid-altitude forest, which has been widely damaged by logging and farming, as well as coastal evergreen and drier northern semi-evergreen forest.</p><br>
<p>Hunters have reported seeing the endangered drill and Preuss&#39;s monkey.</p><br>
<p>198 species of birds have been identified, including the endangered white-throated mountain-babbler.</p><br>
<p>The Mungo River rises in these hills, flowing east and then south to the Cameroon estuary.</p><br>
<p>Cave Creek School is located at 470 Cave Creek Road, in Gillespie County, in the USA state of Texas. Built in 1881, it was consolidated with Fredericksburg Independent School District in 1950. The building is now used as a community center. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas on December 29, 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Community background</h2><br>
<p>Cave Creek, Texas is an unincorporated farming and ranching community on FM 1631, approximately 10 mi north of Fredericksburg. Tombstones in the Cave Creek Cemetery indicate a population primarily of German ancestry, settling into the area in the late 19th Century. The area was named after the Pedernales River tributary of Cave Creek, on which it is located. The creek was so named because of natural caves along its course.</p><br>
<h2>School</h2><br>
<p>In 1865, John Ebert donated 8 acre of land to accommodate the need for a school for the community&#39;s children. James A. Larson was the first teacher in 1891 when the one-room schoolhouse opened for classes. A total of twenty teachers served students for sixty-eight years in the structure. Attendance peaked when Cora Hahn taught eighty-two students in 1917. A wood stove in the middle of the room heated the school in the winter, when the students brought in the wood to fuel it. The students were also responsible for cleaning the school. The end of school graduation ceremonies were an all-day community event that centered on a barbecue picnic and entertainment, with an afternoon graduation ceremony, culminating in an evening play presented by Cave Creek School alumni.</p><br>
<p>Local legend has it that one of the caves in the area was man-made by a recluse named Berg who brewed and sold moonshine, creating a cave to hide his activities and from the law enforcement. Known as Berg&#39;s Cave, the students often explored the site of the alleged moonshine business.</p><br>
<p>The school was consolidated with the Fredericksburg Independent School District in 1950. Cave Creek School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas on December 29, 2004. The building is now used as a community center.</p><br>
<p>The Lena Hara cave is the main cave of a system of solutional caves in the Lautém District at the eastern tip of East Timor , close to the village of Tutuala. Others are Ile Kére Kére and Jerimalai. Lene Hara has provided evidence that Timor has been occupied by humans since 30,000 to 35,000 years and thus is evidence that humans crossed the waters of Wallacea between the Pleistocene continents of Sunda and Sahul.</p><br>
<p>The cave was discovered to science in the early 1960s and first investigated in 1963 by Portuguese anthropologist, Antonio de Almeida when Timor Leste was under Portuguese rule. Radiocarbon dating of the cave taken from digs beside those investigated by Almeida, by a team led by Sue O&#39;Connor from the Australian National University, shows deposition of shells (trochus and strombus) by transitory inhabitants beginning 35,000 years BP.</p><br>
<p>O&#39;Connor et al pointed out that the earliest occupation of Australia is dated to around 55,000 BP, so it is likely that the deposits dated at 35,000 years represent another wave of human advance.</p><br>
<p>O&#39;Connor has also reported finding in Lena Hara Holocene fish hooks made from shell, and shell beads.</p><br>
<p>In May 2009, carved faces were found high in the cave, and have since been dated to 10,000 years. This was reported in the journal Antiquity of February 2011. Paintings in Ile Kére Kére are believed to be 2,000 to 6,000 years old.</p><br>
<p>The Edith Marion Patch House is a historic house at 500 College Avenue in Old Town, Maine. Built about 1837, the house was from 1913 to 1954 it was the home of entomologist and writer Edith Marion Patch. She named the house Braeside for the Scottish bluebells that grew on the property.</p><br>
<p>The house was rescued from demolition in 2000, and plans are in development to establish a research center and museum dedicated to Patch&#39;s life and work. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Patch House is set on the east side of College Avenue, at the northern end of the campus of the University of Maine, most of which is located in Orono. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame Cape style house, three bays wide, with a side gable roof, clapboard siding. A two-story addition extends to the rear of the main block. The main facade is symmetrically arranged, with a gable-roofed entrance bay flanked by sash windows. The entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and is topped by a molded hood; there is a sash window in the gable above.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1837 and expanded twice, the last time about 1900. Edith Marion Patch purchased the house, which sat on a parcel of land more than 90 acre in size, in 1913. She sold off the land across College Avenue, and lived in this house with her sister Alice. Edith died in 1954, several years after Alice. Patch, a graduate of the University of Minnesota, was hired by the university to work at its agricultural experimental station. She eventually came to head that station, and spent her entire professional career at the university. She published a number of articles in leading journals, and did groundbreaking research on aphids, which were a major crop pest. She retired from the university in 1937, but continued to be active in professional circles.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1997, the building, owned by the University of Maine, was scheduled to be burned as a training exercise for the Old Town Fire Department. After the Maine Historic Preservation Commission determined that it was eligible for NRHP consideration and it was listed as one of Maine&#39;s 10 most endangered historic properties, the University worked with private groups to raise funds for a rehabilitation of the house.</p><br>
<p>The Levantine Sea is the easternmost part of the Mediterranean Sea.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Levantine Sea is bordered by Turkey in the north, Syria, Lebanon, Israel and the Gaza Strip in the east, Egypt and Libya in the south, and the Aegean Sea in the northwest. The western border to the open Mediterranean (there also called Libyan Sea) is defined as a line from the cape Ra&#39;s al-Hilal in Libya to the island of Gavdos, south of Crete. The largest island in the Levantine Sea is Cyprus. The greatest depth of is found in the Pliny Trench, about south of Crete. The Levantine Sea stretches over an area of.</p><br>
<p>The northern part of the Levantine Sea between Cyprus and Turkey is called the Cilician Sea. Also in the north are two large bays, the Gulf of İskenderun (northeast) and the Gulf of Antalya (northwest).</p><br>
<h2>Basins</h2><br>
<p>The Leviathan gas field is located in this area under the Levantine basin in the southeastern part of the Mediterranean.</p><br>
<p>To the west of the Levantine Deep Marine Basin is the Nile Delta Basin, followed by the Herodotus Basin, large and up to deep, which – at a possible age of 340 million years – is believed to be the oldest known ocean crust worldwide.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Suez Canal was completed in 1869, linking the Levantine Sea to the Red Sea. The Red Sea&#39;s level is higher than the Eastern Mediterranean, so the canal serves as a tidal strait that pours Red Sea water into the Mediterranean. The Bitter Lakes, which are hypersaline natural lakes that form part of the canal, blocked the migration of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean for many decades, but as the salinity of the lakes gradually equalized with that of the Red Sea, the barrier to migration was removed, and plants and animals from the Red Sea have begun to colonize the eastern Mediterranean. This migration of species is known as the Lessepsian migration, after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the chief engineer of the canal.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the Aswan High Dam across the Nile River in the 1960s has reduced the flow of freshwater and silt into the Levantine Sea. This made the sea relatively saltier and nutrient-poor than previously, which led to the collapse of historically important sardine fisheries, and has given an additional advantage to Red Sea species, who are adapted to the saltier and nutrient-poor Red Sea.</p><br>
<p>The Eaton House is an historic house on Sanford Road in Wells, Maine. Built in the late 18th century, it is one of a collection of well-preserved 18th-century Cape style houses in Wells. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, listed as being in the North Berwick area.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Eaton House is set on the north side of Sanford Road (Maine State Route 109), just west of the High Pine Baptist Church in northwestern Wells. The main block is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a central chimney and clapboard siding. Attached ells extend to the west, joining the house to a barn. The front entrance is simply styled, with sidelight windows. The chimney supports three fireplaces, and there is a stairway leading to the attic that has an original banister.</p><br>
<p>The town of Wells, Maine is located in York County on the coast of southern Maine. Wells was settled in the 1640s, and was from its earliest days a primarily agrarian settlement, while neighboring York and Kennebunkport developed economically around fishing, lumber, and seagoing merchant activity. Growth in the 17th century was limited by a series of French and Indian Wars. As the area was resettled in the 18th century, Wells again developed only slowly, because of its lack of harbor facilities, and remained an agricultural area with a low population density. This rural setting allowed a larger number of these older humble farmsteads to survive. This house is believed to have been built in the late 18th century by one of the first families to settle the area, although deed research has only identified owners to 1854, when it was sold by Nason Hatch.</p><br>
<p>The Hatch House is an historic house at 2104 Sanford Road in Wells, Maine. Built about 1800, it is one of a collection of well-preserved 18th-century Cape style houses in Wells. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, listed as being in the North Berwick area.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hatch House is set on the south side of Sanford Road (Maine State Route 109), just west of the High Pine Baptist Church in northwestern Wells. The main block is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a central chimney and clapboard siding. A 1-1/2 story ell, with a tall gable dormer and a second chimney, extends to the east, joining the house to a barn. The entrances and windows are all simply framed.</p><br>
<p>The town of Wells, Maine is located in York County on the coast of southern Maine. Wells was settled in the 1640s, and was from its earliest days a primarily agrarian settlement, while neighboring York and Kennebunkport developed economically around fishing, lumber, and seagoing merchant activity. Growth in the 17th century was limited by a series of French and Indian Wars. As the area was resettled in the 18th century, Wells again developed only slowly, because of its lack of harbor facilities, and remained an agricultural area with a low population density. This rural setting allowed a larger number of these older humble farmsteads to survive. This house is believed to have been built about 1800 by Jeremiah Hatch. The Hatches were one of the first families to settle this area.</p><br>
<p>The Floyd County Court House in Charles City, Iowa, United States was built in 1940. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as a part of the PWA-Era County Courthouses of IA Multiple Properties Submission.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early years of the county records were kept in the homes or businesses of county officials. The first courthouse was a two-story stone structure built for $18,000 in 1861. The building featured a self-supporting roof and a cupola which lightning struck on June 7, 1874. A fire destroyed the courthouse in 1881, but most county records were saved. Officials constructed a new courthouse of brick trimmed in stone on the foundation of the former structure at a cost of $17,000 which was completed in 1881.</p><br>
<p>In 1938, officials campaigned voters to approve the sale of $110,000 in bonds for construction a new courthouse based on a matching grant of $90,000 from the PWA. Mason City architects Hansen & Waggoner had been retained to design the new building, and a campaign to fund the courthouse contained their design sketch. The referendum passed on September 23, 1938, but the PWA funding was not approved.</p><br>
<p>The old courthouse was condemned in 1939, which necessitated emergency measures. Voters approved a second referendum March 25, 1940, for an amount double the earlier authorization due to no promise of PWA funding. In April 1940, the county board of supervisors narrowly authorized construction of a new courthouse based on Hansen & Waggoner’s design on the same site as the previous courthouse. Ground was broken on August 15, 1940 and the cornerstone was laid on October 19, 1940. The total construction costs were $265,000 and Governor George A. Wilson was the featured speaker at the dedication held October 10, 1941.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architectural style of the building is known as Depression Modern or PWA Moderne. The building features a central bay that extends from the symmetrical façade. The exterior is composed of pressed brick and red granite trim. On the interior a central corridor extends the length of each floor with the offices opening onto the corridors. A central staircase is located opposite the main entrance. The interior featured multi-colored terrazzo floors, marble wainscoting and glass block in office entrances and stairwell lights.</p><br>
<p>Golden Gate Canyon is in the northwestern region of Yellowstone National Park in the USA state of Wyoming. Glen Creek flows north through the canyon en route to the Gardner River descending from 7,400 ft at Kingman Pass to just under 6,000 ft in less than 3 mi. The northern portion of the Grand Loop Road traverses the canyon, connecting Mammoth Hot Springs with park features to the south.</p><br>
<p>A road was first built through the Golden Gate in 1884-85, replacing a steep, difficult road over Snow Pass. The construction was directed by USA Army Lieutenant Dan Christie Kingman. The canyons name Golden Gate was first documented by Kingman in his reports to the Departments of the Army and Interior as what visitors to the park called the canyon and pass because of the yellow hue of the rocks in the area. The work included a wooden trestle where a cliff face precluded grading. In 1900 the viaduct was rebuilt as a concrete structure under the supervision of Captain Hiram M. Chittenden. Chittenden&#39;s viaduct was replaced in turn in 1930-34, the outcome of a program to widen the road. The widened viaduct was itself replaced in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Meluzína  is a 1,094 m mountain in the central Ore Mountains in the Czech Republic.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Meluzína or Wirbelstein lies three kilometres east of the highest peak in the range, the Klínovec, near the road from Boží Dar to Měděnec on the actual crest of the Ore Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The Meluzína lies on the red marked ridgeway of the Ore Mountains (European walking route E3). An ascent of the summit is possible over an unmarked branching trail.</p><br>
<p>The road from Boží Dar to Měděnec is also a good starting point (turn off to Pod Meluzínou).</p><br>
<h2>Views</h2><br>
<p>West</p><br>
<p>Klínovec</p><br>
<p>North</p><br>
<p>Fichtelberg</p><br>
<p>Wind turbines near Háj u Loučné</p><br>
<p>Bärenstein</p><br>
<p>Pöhlberg</p><br>
<p>Wind power station near Jöhstadt</p><br>
<p>East</p><br>
<p>Velký Špičák</p><br>
<p>Jelení hora</p><br>
<p>Kupferhübel mit Měděnec</p><br>
<p>Brown coal power station near Kadaň</p><br>
<p>South</p><br>
<p>Eger valley and Ostrov nad Ohří</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Stratenec is 4962 feet AMSL high mountain in the Lesser Fatra.</p><br>
<p>This limestone mountain covered with dwarf-pines is situated in west part of the main crest of Krivanska Mala Fatra mountain range.</p><br>
<p>It is accessible directly on the red marked trail between Maly Krivan and Biele skaly. From the mountain Maly Krivan it is divided by saddleback Priehyb and from Biele Skala by the saddleback Vrata.</p><br>
<p>You can also reach it by the blue marked trail from Krasnany via the valley Kur. The northern rocky part of the hill hides 443 ft long Old cave of Stratenec and 207 ft long Kukurisova cave. There is also 115 ft deep chasm. There is no marked trail to the rocky part and the access is restricted to the tourists. The area of the peak and the northern slopes are part of protected area Suchy.</p><br>
<p>The opposite southeastern slopes of Stratenec lead to the sucanska valley. Stratenec can be reached from that side by the yellow marked trail from Lipovec or by the green trail from Turcianske Klacany via Suchy.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Lake Way is a dry saline lake located in the Mid West region of Western Australia, approximately 15 km south of Wiluna. It also gives its name to a nearby cattle station, the Lake Way Station.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The lake, dry except during exceptional floods such as occurred in 1900, 1942, 1963, repeatedly from 1992 to 2001 and in 2006, runs roughly parallel to the Leinster-Wiluna road, which is part of the Goldfields Highway.</p><br>
<p>The lake is the site of one of the most advanced uranium mining projects in Western Australia, the Centipede–Lake Way project, which is pursued by Toro Energy. Toro Energy has acquired the Lake Maitland uranium project and in 2010 proposed to operate both projects.</p><br>
<h2>Mining</h2><br>
<h3>Gold</h3><br>
<p>The lake has been the site of an open-pit gold mining operation, which was part of the Wiluna Gold Mine. The Williamson pit, located within the lake and accessed through a causeway, was mined from 2005 to 2007, but the pit only contained low grade ore of approximately 1.75 g/t. After initial high expectations and reported grades of up to 25 g/t, the operation was a disappointment, with less-than-expected production. The open pit was also the site of a fatal mining accident in July 2005.</p><br>
<p>Agincourt Resources, the owner of the mine at the time, spun off its uranium exploration by forming Nova Energy in April 2005. After the takeover of Agincourt through Oxiana Limited, Nova Energy became part of Toro Energy in August 2007.</p><br>
<h3>Uranium mining project</h3><br>
<p>The six-year Western Australian ban on uranium mining was lifted in 2008, after the 2008 state elections, which saw the Australian Labor Party replaced in government by the Liberal Party of Australia. Two uranium mining projects in the state were expected to begin production by 2012-13, the 750 t U3O8 Lake Maitland project, located at Lake Maitland, pursued by Mega Uranium, and the 680 t U3O8 Centipede–Lake Way project undertaken by Toro Energy.</p><br>
<p>The uranium mining projects in Western Australia have attracted opposition from organisations like the Anti-Nuclear Alliance of Western Australia, which have attempted to put a hold on them before they reach active mining stage.</p><br>
<p>Uranium mining at Lake Way is not a new project but dates back to 1978, when it was first proposed by the Wyoming Mineral Corporation and Delhi International Oil. In 1982, the Australian Government granted Delhi International permission to develop the mine, but the project was suspended in the following year. Mining would have been carried out in the form of small open pits, spread over nine square kilometres.</p><br>
<p>Current mining activities at Lake Way are scheduled to be carried out at two locations, at the Lake Way deposit at the northern end of the lake and the Centipede deposit on the southwestern side of the lake. Toro plans to extract the uranium oxide through a heap leach process, with an annual production of 700 t and a mine life of 10 years.</p><br>
<p>In February 2010, Toro received advice from the Western Australian Minister for Environment, Donna Faragher, that the government had dismissed an appeal against the level of environmental assessment protocols for the Wiluna project. Previous to that, the government granted approval for a resource evaluation test pit at Lake Way, with the trial also receiving approval from the native title holders. Following this, in May 2010, Toro carried out an eight-week operation of a test pit.</p><br>
<p>Western Australian MP Robin Chapple queried why radioactive uranium oxide and ore was still lying around unburied and unfenced at Lake Way in 2010, after an earlier question on the same subject had been raised in 2000. The Department of Mines and Petroleum confirmed the material as naturally occurring uranium-bearing rock through laboratory testing.</p><br>
<p>Opal Pool is a hot spring in the Midway Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Opal Pool usually has a temperature of approximately 132 &deg;F. Though usually active as a hot spring, Opal Pool is considered a fountain-type geyser.</p><br>
<p>The first recorded eruption of Opal Pool was in 1947, recurring in 1949, 1952 and 1953, then ceasing. Eruptions resumed in 1979, happening at least once in most following years. Eruption heights are typically under 30 ft in height, but some eruptions have been seen with heights of 70 ft to 80 ft. Eruptions occur suddenly following visible convection in the pool, but are unpredictable. An eruption consists of one, huge, burst that throws water 20–80 feet high, making Opal Pool the largest active geyser at Midway Geyser Basin. Much smaller splashes seconds apart stretch the total duration to about 1 minute. In 2005 Opal completely drained, but refilled as a vivid green pool in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Lake Maitland is a dry salt lake located approximately 100 km south east of Wiluna, in the Mid West region of Western Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Mining Project</h2><br>
<p>The Lake Maitland project was being pursued by Canadian company Mega Uranium. Mega teamed up with Australian company Toro Energy Pty Ltd in 2013, Toro Energy have an active proposal to mine uranium at Lake Way - incorporate two uranium deposits - Lake Way and Centipede.</p><br>
<p>Toro Energy submitted a referral to the WA and Federal Government in 2014 to include the Lake Maitland and Millipede deposits to the existing proposal to mine Lake Way and Centipede. The proposal is to now to mine 4 deposits across 2 lake systems.</p><br>
<p>It is one of four advanced uranium mining projects, the others being the Lake Way uranium project, Yeelirrie uranium project, and Kintyre uranium deposit.</p><br>
<h2>Uranium mining project</h2><br>
<p>The 750 t U3O8 Lake Maitland project, pursued by Mega Uranium, and the 680 tonnes U3O8 Centipede–Lake Way project undertaken by Toro Energy, located at Lake Way.</p><br>
<p>The uranium mining projects in Western Australia have attracted opposition from organisations like the Anti-Nuclear Alliance of Western Australia, which have attempted to put a hold on them before they reach active mining stage.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Maitland uranium deposit was first discovered in 1972 by Asarco Australia. The deposit saw limited exploration efforts in the 1980s, but progress was halted because of a dispute between the joint owners at the time, but also saw frequent changes in ownership.</p><br>
<p>After some more drilling in 2005 by Redport Ltd, the company was taken over by Mega Uranium in December 2006, who continued drilling and exploration efforts in 2007-08. The future mine, while remote, benefits from existing infrastructure in the region from other mines. It is located approximately 30 km north of the Bronzewing Gold Mine.</p><br>
<p>The mine, expected to have a mine live of ten years, is scheduled to produce 1.65 million pounds of uranium oxide a year.</p><br>
<p>Fosbury Camp, is the site of an Iron Age bivallate hillfort located in Wiltshire. The site is oval in shape, and approximately 26 acres in area</p><br>
<p>The site is a scheduled national monument number WI162. The fort sits atop Knolls Down and is excellently defended to the south, south west, and east, from the very steeply sloped topology. To the north the land is less steep, and is mostly bounded by Oakhill Wood. To the west the ground rises to the true summit of Haydown Hill. In the eastern side of the camp there lies a pond, perhaps an original feature of the neolithic site.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The site is located at, south of the village and civil parish of Fosbury in Wiltshire, and is near the towns of Marlborough and Hungerford. It lies at a height of 254m AOD, slightly below the summit of the hill at 258m AOD. The site is easily accessed by public footpaths running to the north of the site, and the borders of Oakhill Wood.</p><br>
<p>The Shelden Avenue Historic District is a commercial historic district located along Shelden, Lake, & Montezuma Avenues in Houghton, Michigan. The district contains 43 contributing buildings  in an area of 22 acres. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The structures in the Shelden Avenue Historic District range in age from the 1870s to the 1980s, but were primarily built in 1880-1910, during the copper boom that brought waves of workers into the Keweenaw Peninsula.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Shelden Avenue Historic District contains the western Upper Peninsulas largest concentration of architecturally significant commercial buildings. The district includes primarily commercial structures, but warehouses, lodge halls, municipal buildings, a movie theater, and a railroad passenger depot are also included within the districts boundaries. The structures are built in a range of architectural styles, including Late Victorian commercial, Richardsonian Romanesque, Sullivanesque, Renaissance Revival, Prairie School, and gable-roofed vernacular buildings. Nearly all of the most significant structures were designed by architects from outside of the immediate area—typically from Detroit, Chicago, and Marquette, including the firms of Charlton, Gilbert and DeMar and Henry L. Ottenheimer. The structures range between one and four stories in height, and are in general constructed from local materials including waste rock from copper mines and native red sandstone.</p><br>
<p>Spring Villa is a historic Carpenter Gothic plantation house on the outskirts of Opelika, Alabama. It was built by William Penn Yonge in 1850 next to a 30 acre spring-fed lake, from which it takes its name.</p><br>
<p>The house was acquired by the city of Opelika in 1927 and now forms the nucleus of its 325 acre Spring Villa Park. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 3, 1978, due to its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The -story wood-frame building has a front elevation with three bays. The ridge-line of the roof is parallel to the front facade. Each side of the main structure is gabled and flanked by stuccoed chimneys. The upper story makes extensive use of steeply pitched cross-gables. Each window on the upper floor is fronted by an individual sawnwork balcony. These originally incorporated latticework rather than the current simple balusters. Each gable is trimmed with bargeboards and crowned with a diamond-shaped pinnacle.</p><br>
<p>The semi-detached, centrally placed rear ell, also one-and-a-half stories, has a four-bay facade on each long side and replicates features seen on the main facade. It was added to the building in 1934 by the Civil Works Administration, during conversion of the house into a clubhouse for the city.</p><br>
<h2>Alleged haunting</h2><br>
<p>Adding to the charm of the plantation is the legend claiming that the mid-19th-century house is now haunted by the ghost of its builder, William Penn Yonge, a harsh master said to have angered his many slaves. The legend tells of the one slave who, seeking revenge for some undeserved punishment, hid one night in the niche located above the 13th step of the homes spiral staircase. It is said that the angry slave stabbed Yonge to death as he reached the 13th step, where a dark red stain believed to be the masters blood remained until its rotted wood was repaired many years later. Visitors touring the homestead are still warned to avoid stepping on this haunted spot.</p><br>
<p>Loutrochori  meaning "bath town&quot formerly Paina, Πάινα and Bania, Μπάνια meaning "baths") is a village in the Pella regional unit, of Macedonia in Greece. According to the 2011 census, it has a population of 458, its area is 7.506 km, and its population density is 62.08 per km. The village is on a hill and thus it has a view of the surrounding countryside.</p><br>
<p>Loutrochori is situated 30 km north of the Egnatia Highway (or A2, the Greek part of the E90) and 10 km south of the EO2 (or E 86). The nearest railroad (train) stations, on the OSE&#39;s Thessaloniki–Bitola railway, are 3 km east (Petrea), 8 km southeast (Episkopi) and 9 km northeast (Skydra). The Loutrochori area was famous from ancient times for its spa. The spa (iamatica loutra, ιαματικά λουτρά) of Loutrochori (spa-drinking therapy) is situated just 0.5 km away near the local mountain of Canber (358 m).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Ancient era</h3><br>
<p>The Loutrochori area has been a spa from the 4th century BC under the Macedonian Kingdom.</p><br>
<h3>Modern era</h3><br>
<p>Modern Loutrochori is a relatively new village; it was founded in the 1920s by the first Greek refugees from Pontus, under the name "Μπάνια" (Bania). After the Greek Genocide and the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), a large number of Pontic Greek refugees arrived at the village as a result of the population exchange under the Treaty of Lausanne. In 1926, the village&#39;s name was changed to "Λουτροχώρι" (Loutrochori).</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The village&#39;s population grew rapidly after 1923. After the Second World War and the Greek Civil War, the population steadily declined as residents moved to larger towns and cities or emigrated.</p><br>
<p>The inhabitants are (100%) ethnic Greeks and Greek Orthodox Christians.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Loutrochori is the southwestern part of the municipality of Skydra. It is 21 km southeast of the regional unit capital of Edessa in Central part of Macedonia in Greece. Loutrochori is bounded by the Imathia to the southwest and it is 28 km northwest of the Imathian capital Veria. It sits at an elevation of around 90 m above mean sea level and the population is approximately from 500 (in winter) to 800 (in summer) inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>Loutrochori covers an area of some 7.506 km&sup2, between the mountains Vermio (2,052 m) to the southwest, Voras (2,524 m) to the northwest and Paiko (1,650 m) to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>Loutrochori is located at a distance of 533 km northwest of the present day Greek capital - Athens by road, 44 km north of the royal capital of ancient Macedon - Vergina, 40 km west of the first capital of the Greek Macedonian Kingdom and birthplace of Alexander the Great - Pella and 82 km northwest of Thessaloniki, the present-day capital of Greek Macedonia.</p><br>
<h3>Locations and distance</h3><br>
<h4>Nearest places</h4><br>
<h4>Big cities</h4><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>The average temperature is 14.8 degrees Celsius and the average rainfall about 470 millimetres per year.</p><br>
<p>Loutrochori has a Mediterranean climate with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers.</p><br>
<p>The warmest month is August, with 18 to 32 C. Record high temperatures of up to 42 &deg;C.</p><br>
<p>The coolest month is January, averaging 1 to 7 C.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Loutrochori produces cherries, apples, some strawberries and peaches.</p><br>
<h3>Churches and Chapels in Loutrochori</h3><br>
